Kristen TripetCurrent teaching practice has been greatly enriched through valuable research into students’ acquisition of deep understanding and skills in early multiplication and division. Research in multi-digit multiplication and division is still relatively undeveloped. This proposed study will explore how students achieve computational fluency in multiplication and division. This paper outlines the background literature and research into multiplication and division. It then proposes questions to be explored and the intended methodology to determine effective pedagogical approaches that encase both mental and written computational methods.