Abstract
In recent decades the development of mathematical proficiency has been recognised as a key issue for children and their education. The purpose of this paper is to identify key international perspectives that influence Australian mathematics education in the early years especially those that are in a similar state of technological development to Australia. There are four key trends deserving of discussion: (1) development in the early years, (2) mathematical proficiency in the early years, (3) mathematics policy and curriculum designed for young children, and (4) the existing research evidencebase.