Mohan Chinnappan, Stephen Dinham, Tony Herrington and Dale ScottAustralia?s future prosperity and our ability to compete in the global arena demand that our education systems develop human capital that is highly skilled and knowledgeable. Participation in mathematics, in particular higher mathematics, is an important prerequisite for young Australians if we are to develop the range of skills that underpin this capital. This is a report on a study in progress focusing on the concern that participation in Mathematics at Year 12 and at universities in Australia is declining. In the context of this larger issue, we identify a number of questions we will be investigating with students, teachers, universities, and other stakeholders.