Abstract
This paper draws on a study of the mathematics departments of two London secondary schools, and explores some of the ways in which the classroom environment impacts on students? learning of maths. In particular, it looks at the ways in which one school?s efforts to promote equity had some unwanted side effects in terms of limiting the possibilities for students to take responsibility for their own learning. This is set against the very much ?freer? environment in another school, where the opportunities for students went hand in hand with greater inequalities. While resisting a straightforward comparison between the schools, the idea of a ?trade-off? is used to illuminate some of the issues that arose in the two settings. Some suggestions are made for ways to capture some of the best of both schools, but it is argued that there is no panacea, and that ultimately, decisions about how to structure learning must be allowed to reflect the values of the teachers concerned.