Abstract
What do students need to know if they are to be constructed as effective learners of
mathematics? This question provides the stimulus for this paper where the question is
rephrased to: "What do students need to know in order to operate in a manner which is
acceptable in the mathematics classroom?" Such a question is not without political
implications and so needs to be extended to include questions about the consequences of
participation in mathematics classroom. It is widely recognised that success in
mathematics is not random, but rather falls into quite distinct patterns whereby students
from certain social groups are more likely to be successful in the study of mathematics
than others. The focus in this paper is the examination of why students from socially disadvantaged
backgrounds are less likely than their middle-class peers to be successful
in the study of mathematics. The paper uses two key notions. The first is the classroom
interaction patterns noted by Lemke (1990) in which students must be conversant to be
able to participate effectively. This knowledge becomes a form of cultural capital
(Bourdieu, 1983) which can be transfered later to academic success.