Abstract
This paper collates some of the systematic ways that different cultural groups refer to
space. In some cases, space is more strongly identified in terms of place than in school
Indo-European mathematics approaches. The affinity to place does not reduce the efficient,
abstract, mathematical system behind the reference but it does strengthen its connection to
the real world of place. This review of research uses a critical approach to develop an
ecocultural perspective on spatial referencing. It refers to studies on the Polynesian
Wayfinders; the Garma project at Yirrakala in the Northern Territory of Australia
identifying Yolgnu sense of position; original field data mainly from Papua New Guinea;
and on the work of linguists who have recorded and analysed the ancient languages of the
Pacific region. The paper provides the mathematics educator with a richer perspective on
position and a way of understanding the thinking of students with language and cultural
backgrounds other than English. The Indigenous languages of Australia form a basis for
ways of thinking spatially for specific groups of Indigenous students.